Illustration of a card reading 20% of 150 with an arrow to a card reading equals 30

Calculators & everyday math

How to Calculate a Percentage of a Number

Finding a percentage of a number — 15% of a bill, 8% of a budget, 40% of a class — comes up constantly. There is one method that always works, and a handful of mental shortcuts that make the common cases quick. This guide covers both, with worked examples you can check.

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The method that always works

  1. Turn the percentage into a decimal by dividing it by 100: 15% becomes 0.15.
  2. Multiply the number by that decimal: 80 × 0.15 = 12.
  3. That’s it — 15% of 80 is 12. Multiplying first and dividing by 100 at the end (80 × 15 ÷ 100) gives the same answer.

Mental shortcuts

  • 10%: move the decimal point one place to the left. 10% of 240 is 24.
  • 5%: half of 10%. 5% of 240 is 12.
  • 1%: move the decimal point two places to the left. 1% of 240 is 2.4.
  • 25% is a quarter, 50% is a half, and 75% is three quarters: 25% of 240 is 60.
  • Build other percentages from these. 15% is 10% plus 5%, so 15% of 240 is 24 + 12 = 36.

Swap the numbers when it’s easier

X% of Y always equals Y% of X, because both are X × Y ÷ 100. 8% of 50 looks awkward, but 50% of 8 is obviously 4 — and so is 8% of 50.

Worked examples

Worked examples comparison
QuestionWorkingAnswer
20% of 150150 × 0.230
15% of 8080 × 0.1512
12.5% of 6464 × 0.1258
7% of 1,2001,200 × 0.0784
150% of 4040 × 1.560
0.5% of 3,0003,000 × 0.00515

Percentage of a Number FAQ

What is the formula for a percentage of a number?
Number × percentage ÷ 100. For 15% of 80: 80 × 15 ÷ 100 = 12.
How do I find 10% of a number quickly?
Move the decimal point one place to the left: 10% of 356 is 35.6.
How do I find 15% of a number in my head?
Find 10%, halve it to get 5%, and add the two. For 60 that is 6 + 3 = 9.
Can a percentage of a number be bigger than the number?
Yes, whenever the percentage is over 100. 150% of 40 is 60.
What are 0% and 100% of a number?
0% of any number is 0, and 100% of a number is the number itself.

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